Colon tumours: from the first symptoms to the surgical decision

Symptoms not to ignore

• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
• A persistent change in bowel habits (new constipation or diarrhoea)
• Unexplained weight loss or anaemia
• Ongoing abdominal pain or recurrent bloating

How is the diagnosis made?

Colonoscopy is the key test because it allows direct visualisation and biopsy. After diagnosis, imaging may be requested for staging so the treatment plan is precise.

When is surgery the main treatment?

In many cases, surgery is the cornerstone: removing the affected segment with its regional lymph nodes. Other treatments may be added before or after surgery depending on tumour stage and pathology.

Preparing for surgery

• General assessment (heart, lungs) and baseline labs
• Medication review (especially blood thinners)
• Bowel preparation per hospital protocol
• Plan discussion: type of resection and, in select cases, the possibility of a temporary or permanent stoma

After surgery

Early mobilisation, pain control and gradual diet advancement support recovery. The final pathology report is discussed afterwards to decide whether additional treatment is needed.

Pre-op planning is about clarity: diagnosis, stage, the goal of surgery and a follow-up plan.